ABSTRACT
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mortality by age, sex, and cause of death is the foundation of public health both globally and domestically. Comparable mortality statistics over time and investigations of mortality were used to develop the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD). In the ICD, the WHO states that morbidity statistics are also an essential foundation of public health, but they are much less widely applied. The 10th revision of the ICD (ICD-10) is now in use, but further revisions must be made in the development of the 11th revision (ICD-11) to capture advances in health science and medical practice, to make better use of the digital revolution, and to evaluate traditional medicine (TM). Revision of ICD-10 began in 2007, and an ICD-11 version for preparing implementation was released on July 18, 2018. ICD-11 features a new TM chapter on Japanese traditional medicine, known as Kampo medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, and Korean medicine. ICD-11 will be approved at the next World Health Assembly in May 2019 and will come into effect. This means that the WHO does not currently recognize the effects of TM, but that we as well as the WHO will have hard time to prepare and study the effects of TM on morbidity statistics. It is very important to the study of Kampo medicine that we will be able to properly evaluate the terms and classifications contained in ICD-11.
ABSTRACT
Iron deficiency anemia is the most frequently experienced anemia in common daily practice. It is often difficult to treat due to gastrointestinal side effects of iron drugs. We report a difficult case of iron-deficiency anemia with intolerance to oral iron supplementation, which was resolved by concomitant use of Kampo. Thirty-five-year-old woman visited us because of menoxenia continuing since she was 17 years old. Although tokishakuyakusan with kakobushimatsu (processed aconite root powder) had been administered, remarkable anemia such a low hemoglobin (Hb) level (7.8 g/dL) was observed. After we added an oral iron agent for 5 months, the hemoglobin level increased to 12.8 g/dL, and epigastric discomfort appeared. Therefore, we discontinued iron agent and switched to Kampo monotherapy, but anemia gradually worsened again. Following intravenous iron infusions could not improve the iron deficiency state. Then we administered ryokeijutsukanto with kojinmatsu (ginseng powder) and lower dose of oral iron agent than before, with reference to sinshato described in “Sokeitei Ijishogen” written by Nan'yo Hara. After administration, Hb and serum ferritin level improved from 11.6 g/dL and 4.0 ng/mL to 12.3 g/dL and 32.0 ng/mL, respectively. After that, the iron metabolism marker kept stable, although the oral iron agent had been further reduced. The main indications of sinshato are palpitation, shortness of breath, dizziness and edema according to the original text. These symptoms can be interpreted as ones related to anemia. In our case, it was suggested that prescription composition of sinshato promoted iron absorption and improved anemia.
ABSTRACT
We report a patient with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ALL) in whom saikanto was effective against pleural effusion induced by dasatinib, which is a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The patient was a 43-year-old female. After she was diagnosed with Ph+ALL, she received imatinib and other chemotherapy. One year later, she started to receive dasatinib because of imatinib intolerance (vomiting and diarrhea). After about seven months of taking dasatinib, she experienced chest/back pain and a cough; at that time her chest x-ray showed right-sided pleural effusion. She consulted our clinic three months later, for treatment of the hydrothorax that frequently recurred. We prescribed saikanto because she presented with epigastric tenderness diagnosed as <i>shokekkyo</i>, and the pleural effusion and clinical symptoms improved remarkably. Because of the good clinical course in this case, we consider that the decrease of pleural effusion was caused mainly by the immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of saikanto in addition to its activities to alleviate fluid retention.
ABSTRACT
A 65-year-old woman suffered from swollen parotid and submandibular glands in July 2005, and sicca of the eyes and oral cavity arose in October 2005. We diagnosed her as having Mikulicz's disease based on magnetic resonance imaging of the head, gallium scintigraphy, and a lip biopsy in June 2006. After prednisolone 10 mg/day was commenced, her salivary glands shrank slightly. Although the amount of prednisolone had been tapered to 7 mg/day by May 2007, her serum IgG rebounded. In January 2008, hachimijiogan extract granules 7.5 g/day were introduced. Swelling of the salivary glands disappeared and her serum IgG level decreased. In May 2008, the amount of prednisolone was tapered successfully to 6 mg/day. Mikulicz's disease is a corticosteroid-sensitive disease, but in this case steroid resistance made treatment difficult. Based on this case, we performed functional assays of P-glycoprotein with calcein-AM, which demonstrated that hachimijiogan can reverse drug resistance.